Part 1 is
here:
Voegelin excerpt #2:
§2. The Paradox of Consciousness
By now the Beginning has wandered from the opening of the chapter to its end,
from the end of the chapter to its whole, from the whole to the English
language as the means of communication between reader and writer, and from the
process of communication in English to a philosophers' language that
communicates among the participants in the millennial process of the quest for
truth. And still the way of the beginning has not reached the end that would be
intelligible as its true beginning; for the appearance of a "philosophers'
language" raises new questions concerning a problem that begins to look rather
like a complex of problems.
There is something peculiar about the "philosophers' language": In order to be
intelligible, it had to be spoken in one of the several ethnic, imperial, and
national languages that have developed ever since antiquity, although it does
not seem to be identical with any one of them; and yet, while it is not
identical with any one of the considerable number of ancient and modern
languages in which it has been spoken, they all have left, and are leaving,
their specific traces of meaning in the language used, and expected to be
understood, in the present chapter; but then again, in its millennial course
the quest for truth has developed, and is still developing, a language of its
own. What is the structure in reality that will induce, when experienced, this
equivocal use of the term "language"?
The equivocation is induced by the paradoxical structure of consciousness and
its relation to reality. On the one hand, we speak of consciousness as a
something located in human beings in their bodily existence. In relation to
this concretely embodied consciousness, reality assumes the position of an
object intended. Moreover, by its position as an object intended by a
consciousness that is bodily located, reality itself acquires a metaphorical
touch of external thingness. We use this metaphor in such phrases as "being
conscious of something," "remembering or imagining something," "thinking about
something," "studying or exploring something." I shall, therefore, call this
structure of consciousness its intentionality, and the corresponding structure
of reality its thingness.
On the other hand, we know the bodily located consciousness to be also real;
and this concretely located consciousness does not belong to another genus of
reality, but is part of the same reality that has moved, in its relation to
man's consciousness, into the position of a thing-reality. In this second
sense, then, reality is not an object of consciousness but the something in
which consciousness occurs as an event of participation between partners in the
community of being.
In the complex experience, presently in process of articulation, reality moves
from the position of an intended object to that of a subject, while the
consciousness of the human subject intending objects moves to the position of a
predicative event in the subject "reality" as it becomes luminous for its
truth. Consciousness, thus, has the structural aspect not only of
intentionality but also of luminosity. Moreover, when consciousness is
experienced as an event of participatory illumination in the reality that
comprehends the partners to the event, it has to be located, not in one of the
partners, but in the comprehending reality; consciousness has a structural
dimension by which it belongs, not to man in his bodily existence, but to the
reality in which man, the other partners to the community of being, and the
participatory relations among them occur. If the spatial metaphor be still
permitted, the luminosity of consciousness is located somewhere "between" human
consciousness in bodily existence and reality intended in its mode of thingness.
Contemporary philosophical discourse has no conventionally accepted language
for the structures just analyzed. Hence, to denote the between-status of
consciousness I shall use the Greek work
metaxy,
developed by Plato as the technical term in his analysis of the structure. To
denote the reality that comprehends the partners in being, i.e., God and the
world, man and society, no technical term has been developed, as far as I know,
by anybody. However, I notice that philosophers, when they run into this
structure incidentally in their exploration of other subject matters, have a
habit of referring to it by a neutral "it." The It referred to is the
mysterious "it" that also occurs in everyday language in such phrases as "it
rains." I shall call it therefore the It-reality, as distinguished from the
thing-reality.
The equivocal use of the word "language" pointed toward an experience of
reality that would have to express itself by this usage; and the quest
proceeded to the structure of consciousness as the experience engendering the
equivocation. But is this answer a step closer to the Beginning? At first sight
it rather looks like an expansion of equivocations. There is a consciousness
with two structural meanings, to be distinguished as intentionality and
luminosity. There is a reality with two structural meanings, to be
distinguished as the thing-reality and the It-reality. Consciousness, then, is
a subject intending reality as its object, but at the same time a something in
a comprehending reality; and reality is the object of consciousness, but at the
same time the subject of which consciousness is to be predicated. Where in this
complex of equivocations do we find a beginning?